Ekwakhiweni kwe-elekthronikhi, ama-transistors we-chip, njengengxenye eyisisekelo semiconductor, adlala indima ebalulekile.Phakathi kwazo, ukusetshenziswa komphikisi wokuphindisela phansi kwe-Base akumaki amandla okwenza ukusebenza kwe-transistor kuphela, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuqina nokwethembeka komjikelezo.Lo mbhalo uhlose ukuhlola ngokujulile indima yomphikisi wokuphamba phansi kwesisekelo se-Chip Trafistors, futhi ihlaziye izici ezine eziphambili ukuhlinzeka ngokuqonda okuphelele kwemigomo yayo kanye nezicelo.
Okokuqala, enye yemisebenzi esemqoka yomphikisi wokumelana nezisekelo ukuvimbela ukungasebenzi kahle ngenxa yezimpawu zomsindo wangaphandle futhi uqinisekise ukuqina kwe-transistor ezweni elingasebenzi.Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, uma isisekelo se-transtoror simisiwe, sitholakala kakhulu ekuphazanyisweni kwe-electromagnete.Ikakhulu lapho isinali lokufaka lisesimweni esiphakeme kakhulu, lokhu kuphazamiseka kungadala ukuthi i-transistor ivule ngengozi.Ngokwethula ukumelana nokudonswa phansi, isisekelo singaxhunywa ngempumelelo emhlabathini, ngaleyo ndlela sigweme ukungaqiniseki esimweni sokumelana kakhulu.Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho okokufaka kwenhloso ejwayelekile kanye nokukhipha i-port (GPIO) ye-microcontroller kuxhunywe esisekelweni se-transistor.Ngoba ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqala se-Microcontroller, isimo se-GPIO Port asizinzile futhi sithambekele emsindweni, esingakubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-transistor.Ngokwethula i-Resistar yokuphikisa phansi, ama-voltage amafushane afushane angadonswa phansi ukuze ahlukaniswe ngokumelana, ngaleyo ndlela aqede ubungozi bokungasebenzi kahle.
Okwesibili, lapho i-transistor isetshenziswa njenge-switch, i-Base Donsela phansi ukumelana isiza ukunqamula isikhathi nokuvala isikhathi sokushintsha futhi kuthuthukise ijubane lokushintsha.Lapho i-transistor icishiwe, icala elisele phakathi kwesisekelo kanye ne-emitter lingadala ukubambezeleka esenzweni sokuvala futhi lithinte isivinini sokuphendula se-transistor.Ngokungeza ukumelana nokudonswa phansi phakathi kwesisekelo kanye ne-emitter, inqubo yokuphuma yalezi zindleko ezisele ingasheshiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isikhathi sokushintsha kwesenzo sokushintsha, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphezulu zokusebenza, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Okwesithathu, i-Base Donselar-Dost-Dosror idlala indima ebalulekile ekubekeni amavolumu we-transtage.I-voltage efanelekile ye-bias iyimfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwesiginali ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela.Kwezinye izimo zohlelo lokusebenza, njengokuthi lapho isinali yokufaka liqukethe ingxenye ye-AC, ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa kuzodala ukuthi umqoqi wanda, ngaleyo ndlela akhuphule ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngaphesheya komphikisi we-emitter.Ngalesi sikhathi, i-bac voltage igcinwe ngokuvimba phansi kwe-donsa-phansi ingazinza i-base-Emitter Voltage (vbe), ngaleyo ndlela kulawule ukuqina komqokeleli kwamanje ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuphendula.Le nqubo ayibonisi kuphela izimiso eziyisisekelo zokulawulwa kwempendulo, kepha futhi ikhombisa indima yokuphikiswa okudonsayo kokugcina phansi ekugcineni ukuqina kwesiginali.
Ekugcineni, uma i-transistor ingaxhunyiwe kumphikisi wokudonsela phansi phansi, i-biastage efanelekile ayikwazi ukusetha, okungadala ukuhlukaniswa kwesiginali kanye nokufaka okwedlulele kwamanje, ngaleyo ndlela kulimaze i-transistor.Lapho siklama imibuthano kagesi, kufanele sigweme ukucabanga okungaphakathi kwe-tride njengokwenza umphumela we-didode, futhi kufanele sinake kakhulu ukulawula i-bias Voltage yayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana phansi kwe-donsa-Down nakho kungashukunyisela okwamanje, ukunciphisa ukugeleza okukhulu kwamanje ku-transistor, futhi kuvikele i-transistor ekulimaleni.Lapho ukhetha ukumelana phansi kokudonsela phansi, kufanele ubheke ukuthi ukumelana kwayo akufanele kube mkhulu kakhulu, ukuze ungabingeli ukuthi isisekelo samanje sibe sincane kakhulu.Ngasikhathi sinye, lapho kucubungulwa amasiginali ashintshile aphezulu, ungacabanga ngokuxhuma i-capacitor ngokuhambisana nokuphikisana nokudonsa phansi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza okusheshayo komjikelezo.